Critica a adoção do IFRS pelos Estados Unidos

No NY Times uma reportagem (Accounting Plan Would Allow Use of Foreign Rules, Stephen Labaton, 05/07/2008) sobre as críticas a adoção do IFRS pelos Estados Unidos. É interessante ler os argumentos para sabermos exatamente o que significa a convergência.

Num primeiro momento, a preocupação de que a adoção da IFRS significa deixar de lado as normas surgidas após o colapso da Enron para proteger os investidores:

But critics say the changes appear to be a last-ditch push by appointees of President Bush to dilute securities rules passed after the collapse of Enron and other large companies — measures that were meant to forestall accounting gimmicks and corrupt practices that led to those corporate failures.

Outro aspecto destacado pelos críticos é que os reguladores estrangeiros estão fora da alçada do Congresso:

Foreign regulators are beyond the reach of Congress, which oversees American securities regulation through confirmation proceedings, enforcement hearings and approval of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s budget.

Além disso, as regras internacionais significam que os resultados das empresas serão melhores (vide aqui post sobre o assunto):

The commission is preparing a timetable that will permit American companies to shift to the international rules, which are set by a foreign organization and give companies greater latitude in reporting earnings. Companies that have used both domestic and overseas rules have, on average, been able to report revenues and earnings that were 6 percent to 8 percent higher under the international standards, according to accounting experts.

Outro aspecto citado é que as normas internacionais são piores que as estadunidenses em certos itens:

Though foreign accounting standards are stronger in some ways than American accounting principles, they are weaker in some important areas. They enable companies, for example, to provide fewer details about mortgage-backed securities, derivatives and other financial instruments at the center of today’s housing crisis and that have troubled many Wall Street firms, including Bear Stearns.

As normas internacionais são, segundo Cox, uma terceirização das normas contábeis:

James D. Cox, a securities law expert at Duke Law School who returned this week from teaching corporate law in Europe, said the shift to international rules amounted to “outsourcing safety standards.”

O texto também comenta que a adoção das normas reflete a necessidade de aumento de investimento estrangeiro nos Estados Unidos:

Officials say the proposed changes reflect the decades-long push toward global markets. They say the changes are necessary to attract capital from abroad and will protect Americans as they increasingly look to invest overseas. In the decade ending last November, American holdings of foreign stock increased to $4.3 trillion from $1.2 trillion.

O presidente da SEC argumenta que no mercado financeiro atual é impossível a SEC trabalhar sem uma estratégia global:

In a speech earlier this year, Christopher Cox, the agency’s chairman, said that working on the transition to international accounting standards and reaching enforcement agreements with foreign countries like the Australians were two of the most important items on his agenda as his term comes to a close.

As empresas de auditoria lembram da duplicação onerosa de regras contábeis (confirmando minha hipótese que são as grandes interessadas na convergência):

Industry groups have pushed for many of the changes. Large international accounting firms, for example, have complained that the emergence of a new generation of American and foreign regulators inspecting them has led to onerous duplication.

O texto afirma que as agências reguladoras estrangeiras são, historicamente, menos agressivas que as estadunidenses:

But the track record of foreign enforcement authorities indicates that they are generally less aggressive than their counterparts in the United States, and that even the most vigorous ones bring fewer cases and impose significantly lower penalties.